{"id":96784,"date":"2026-10-26T17:38:03","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T17:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/rd-data-center-injusto-para-espana-parte-02-%c2%b7-severidad-climatica\/"},"modified":"2026-11-05T12:01:12","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T12:01:12","slug":"rd-data-center-injusto-para-espana-parte-02-%c2%b7-severidad-climatica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/es\/rd-data-center-injusto-para-espana-parte-02-%c2%b7-severidad-climatica\/","title":{"rendered":"RD Data Center \u00bfInjusto para Espa\u00f1a? (Parte 02) \u00b7 Severidad clim\u00e1tica"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"96784\" class=\"elementor elementor-96784 elementor-96439\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86c0b10 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default parallax_section_no qode_elementor_container_no\" data-id=\"86c0b10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18517a8\" data-id=\"18517a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a1559a e-grid-align-right elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"1a1559a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-a8c6510\" href=\"https:\/\/es.linkedin.com\/company\/keyter\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-3362250\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/keyterHVACR\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-x-twitter elementor-repeater-item-3f1e49f\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KEYTERes\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">X-twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-x-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-2b5a944\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCMHOMneQyaueda5RocUOBog\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-youtube\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40a7448 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"40a7448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<meta charset=\"utf-8\"\/><meta content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1\" name=\"viewport\"\/>\r\n<!-- Fragmento original para widget HTML Elementor. 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150px!important;width:150px!important;height:1px!important;\r\n margin-left:auto!important;pointer-events:none;\r\n}\r\n\/* Etiquetas compactas del patron: anchura natural, salto automatico de linea. *\/\r\n#rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .une-norm-tags{\r\n display:block!important;width:100%!important;max-width:960px!important;\r\n margin:7px 0 0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important;\r\n border-radius:0!important;background:transparent!important;\r\n font-family:var(--kt-font-ui)!important;\r\n}\r\n#rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .une-norm-tags--bottom{margin:7px 0 14px!important}\r\n#rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .une-norm-tags__grid{\r\n display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;align-items:stretch!important;\r\n justify-content:flex-start!important;grid-template-columns:none!important;gap:7px!important;\r\n}\r\n#rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] 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#rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .une-i18n-infographic[lang][lang=\"de\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:not(:lang(es)):not(:lang(en)):not(:lang(fr)):not(:lang(it)):not(:lang(de)) #rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .une-i18n-infographic[lang][lang=\"es\"]{display:block!important}\r\n#rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang]{display:none!important}\r\nhtml:lang(es) #rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"es\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:lang(en) #rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"en\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:lang(fr) #rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"fr\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:lang(it) #rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"it\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:lang(de) #rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"de\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:not(:lang(es)):not(:lang(en)):not(:lang(fr)):not(:lang(it)):not(:lang(de)) #rd-datacenter-parte-02[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"es\"]{display:block!important}\r\n<\/style><article data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\" id=\"rd-datacenter-parte-02\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\">\r\n<header class=\"une-article-header\"><h1 itemprop=\"headline\">RD DATA CENTER<span class=\"une-subtitle\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">\u00bfINJUSTO PARA ESPA\u00d1A? (Parte 02) \u00b7 SEVERIDAD CLIMATICA<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">UNFAIR TO SPAIN? (Part 02) \u00b7 CLIMATE SEVERITY<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">INJUSTE POUR L\u2019ESPAGNE ? (Partie 02) \u00b7 RIGUEUR CLIMATIQUE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">INGIUSTO PER LA SPAGNA? (Parte 02) \u00b7 SEVERIT\u00c0 CLIMATICA<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">UNGERECHT GEGEN\u00dcBER SPANIEN? (Teil 02) \u00b7 KLIMATISCHE BELASTUNG<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"une-title-mark\"><img alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"20\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/line-leaf-single-right.svg\" width=\"300\"\/><\/div>\r\n<aside class=\"pree-author-card pree-author-card--top\" itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\r\n<div class=\"pree-author-identity\">\r\n<img alt=\"Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Arboledas Herranz\" class=\"keyter-author-compact__photo\" data-une-img=\"autor\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"58\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1791098996839.jpg\" width=\"58\"\/>\r\n<div class=\"keyter-author-compact__content\">\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__name\">Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Arboledas Herranz<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__meta\"><span>Instituto Ent\u00e1lpico Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__bio\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Miembro ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">ASHRAE Spain Chapter member<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Membre de l'ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Membro di ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Mitglied des ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__links\"><a href=\"mailto:iee@institutoentalpico.com\"><span>iee@institutoentalpico.com<\/span><\/a>\r\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\"> \u00b7 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.linkedin.com\/posts\/jos%C3%A9-jes%C3%BAs-arboledas-herranz-8a8a6bb1_rd-data-center-parte-02-activity-7507373770614108160-QTx9\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">LinkedIn<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\"> \u00b7 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@institutoentalpicoespa%C3%B1ol\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">YouTube<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<a class=\"pree-iee-logo-link pree-iee-logo--author\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/institutoentalpico\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><img alt=\"Instituto Ent\u00e1lpico Espa\u00f1ol\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/institutoentalpico-logo.webp\" width=\"180\"\/><\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"une-boe-spacer\"><\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n<nav aria-label=\"Fuentes oficiales y normativa\" class=\"une-norm-tags une-norm-tags--top\"><div class=\"une-norm-tags__grid\"><a class=\"une-norm-tags__item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.miteco.gob.es\/content\/dam\/miteco\/es\/energia\/files-1\/es-ES\/Participacion\/Documents\/anexos\/aeip-rd-cpds-sostenibles\/PRD%20CPDs%20audiencia%20publica.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Proyecto RD \u00b7 Centros de datos<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Draft Royal Decree \u00b7 Data centres<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Projet de d\u00e9cret royal \u00b7 Centres de donn\u00e9es<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Progetto di decreto reale \u00b7 Centri dati<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Entwurf einer K\u00f6niglichen Verordnung \u00b7 Rechenzentren<\/span><\/a><a class=\"une-norm-tags__item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/pdf\/2026\/BOE-A-2026-6544-consolidado.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">RDL 7\/2026 \u00b7 Centros de datos<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Royal Decree-Law 7\/2026 \u00b7 Data centres<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">D\u00e9cret-loi royal 7\/2026 \u00b7 Centres de donn\u00e9es<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Regio decreto-legge 7\/2026 \u00b7 Centri dati<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">K\u00f6nigliches Gesetzesdekret 7\/2026 \u00b7 Rechenzentren<\/span><\/a><a class=\"une-norm-tags__item\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg_del\/2024\/1364\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">UE 2024\/1364 \u00b7 Centros de datos<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">EU 2024\/1364 \u00b7 Data centres<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">UE 2024\/1364 \u00b7 Centres de donn\u00e9es<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">UE 2024\/1364 \u00b7 Centri dati<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">EU 2024\/1364 \u00b7 Rechenzentren<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/nav><\/header>\r\n<div class=\"une-article-text\" itemprop=\"articleBody\">\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<p class=\"une-lead kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Espa\u00f1a presenta una severidad clim\u00e1tica para refrigeraci\u00f3n aproximadamente 2,8 veces superior a la media de la UE-27 y m\u00e1s de 11 veces superior a Alemania.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Spain's climate severity for cooling is approximately 2.8 times the EU-27 average and more than 11 times that of Germany.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">L'Espagne pr\u00e9sente une rigueur climatique pour le refroidissement environ 2,8 fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne de l'UE-27 et plus de 11 fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de l'Allemagne.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La Spagna presenta una severit\u00e0 climatica per il raffrescamento circa 2,8 volte superiore alla media dell'UE-27 e oltre 11 volte superiore a quella della Germania.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Die klimatische Belastung Spaniens bei der K\u00fchlung liegt etwa 2,8-mal \u00fcber dem Durchschnitt der EU-27 und mehr als elfmal \u00fcber dem Wert Deutschlands.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"une-text-columns\"><div class=\"une-column\"><p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La severidad clim\u00e1tica expresa el esfuerzo que las condiciones exteriores imponen a una instalaci\u00f3n para mantener sus condiciones interiores de dise\u00f1o.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Climate severity expresses the effort that outdoor conditions impose on an installation in order to maintain its indoor design conditions.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La rigueur climatique traduit l'effort que les conditions ext\u00e9rieures imposent \u00e0 une installation pour maintenir ses conditions int\u00e9rieures de conception.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La severit\u00e0 climatica esprime lo sforzo imposto dalle condizioni esterne a un impianto per mantenere le condizioni interne di progetto.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Die klimatische Belastung beschreibt den Aufwand, den die Au\u00dfenbedingungen einer Anlage auferlegen, um die vorgesehenen Innenraumbedingungen einzuhalten.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">No equivale simplemente a la temperatura media anual. En refrigeraci\u00f3n importan tambi\u00e9n las horas por encima de determinadas temperaturas, la temperatura de bulbo h\u00famedo, la humedad, la radiaci\u00f3n solar, la duraci\u00f3n de los periodos c\u00e1lidos, las m\u00ednimas nocturnas y la frecuencia de las olas de calor.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">It is not simply equivalent to average annual temperature. Cooling also depends on the number of hours above certain temperatures, wet-bulb temperature, humidity, solar radiation, the duration of warm periods, night-time minimum temperatures and the frequency of heatwaves.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Elle ne se r\u00e9sume pas \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature moyenne annuelle. Pour le refroidissement, il faut aussi consid\u00e9rer les heures au-dessus de certaines temp\u00e9ratures, la temp\u00e9rature de bulbe humide, l'humidit\u00e9, le rayonnement solaire, la dur\u00e9e des p\u00e9riodes chaudes, les temp\u00e9ratures minimales nocturnes et la fr\u00e9quence des vagues de chaleur.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Non equivale semplicemente alla temperatura media annuale. Per il raffrescamento contano anche le ore al di sopra di determinate temperature, la temperatura di bulbo umido, l'umidit\u00e0, la radiazione solare, la durata dei periodi caldi, le temperature minime notturne e la frequenza delle ondate di calore.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Sie entspricht nicht einfach der mittleren Jahrestemperatur. F\u00fcr die K\u00fchlung sind auch die Stunden oberhalb bestimmter Temperaturen, die Feuchtkugeltemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit, die Sonneneinstrahlung, die Dauer warmer Perioden, die n\u00e4chtlichen Tiefsttemperaturen und die H\u00e4ufigkeit von Hitzewellen entscheidend.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Dos emplazamientos con la misma media anual pueden exigir consumos muy distintos si uno acumula muchas horas consecutivas a alta temperatura o apenas permite descargar calor durante la noche.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Two locations with the same annual average can require very different energy consumption if one experiences many consecutive hours at high temperature or offers hardly any opportunity to reject heat at night.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Deux sites ayant la m\u00eame moyenne annuelle peuvent n\u00e9cessiter des consommations tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes si l'un accumule de nombreuses heures cons\u00e9cutives \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature ou ne permet pratiquement pas d'\u00e9vacuer la chaleur pendant la nuit.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Due siti con la stessa media annuale possono richiedere consumi molto diversi se uno accumula molte ore consecutive ad alta temperatura o permette a malapena di smaltire calore durante la notte.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Zwei Standorte mit derselben Jahresmitteltemperatur k\u00f6nnen sehr unterschiedliche Energieverbr\u00e4uche aufweisen, wenn an einem davon \u00fcber viele aufeinanderfolgende Stunden hohe Temperaturen herrschen oder nachts kaum W\u00e4rme abgef\u00fchrt werden kann.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">En un centro de datos, esta severidad adquiere especial importancia porque la carga t\u00e9rmica procede principalmente de los equipos IT y permanece activa durante todo el a\u00f1o. Cuando baja la temperatura exterior, los economizadores y sistemas de free cooling pueden evacuar parte del calor con poca o ninguna compresi\u00f3n mec\u00e1nica. Cuando sube, las enfriadoras trabajan con mayor presi\u00f3n de condensaci\u00f3n, pierden capacidad y eficiencia, mientras ventiladores y bombas aumentan su consumo. El resultado presiona directamente el PUE.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">In a data centre, this severity is particularly important because the heat load comes mainly from IT equipment and remains active throughout the year. When outdoor temperature falls, economisers and free-cooling systems can remove some of the heat with little or no mechanical compression. When it rises, chillers operate at higher condensing pressures, lose capacity and efficiency, and fans and pumps consume more energy. The result directly increases pressure on PUE.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Dans un centre de donn\u00e9es, cette rigueur est particuli\u00e8rement importante, car la charge thermique provient principalement des \u00e9quipements informatiques et reste pr\u00e9sente toute l'ann\u00e9e. Lorsque la temp\u00e9rature ext\u00e9rieure baisse, les \u00e9conomiseurs et les syst\u00e8mes de free cooling peuvent \u00e9vacuer une partie de la chaleur avec peu ou pas de compression m\u00e9canique. Lorsqu'elle augmente, les groupes frigorifiques fonctionnent \u00e0 une pression de condensation plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e, perdent en capacit\u00e9 et en rendement, tandis que les ventilateurs et les pompes consomment davantage. Le PUE en subit directement les cons\u00e9quences.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">In un centro dati questa severit\u00e0 assume particolare importanza perch\u00e9 il carico termico proviene principalmente dalle apparecchiature IT e rimane attivo tutto l'anno. Quando la temperatura esterna scende, gli economizzatori e i sistemi di free cooling possono smaltire parte del calore con poca o nessuna compressione meccanica. Quando sale, i refrigeratori lavorano con una pressione di condensazione pi\u00f9 elevata, perdendo capacit\u00e0 ed efficienza, mentre ventilatori e pompe aumentano i consumi. Il risultato incide direttamente sul PUE.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">In einem Rechenzentrum ist diese Belastung besonders wichtig, weil die W\u00e4rmelast haupts\u00e4chlich von den IT-Ger\u00e4ten stammt und ganzj\u00e4hrig anf\u00e4llt. Sinkt die Au\u00dfentemperatur, k\u00f6nnen Economizer und Free-Cooling-Systeme einen Teil der W\u00e4rme mit wenig oder ohne mechanische Verdichtung abf\u00fchren. Steigt sie, arbeiten K\u00e4ltemaschinen mit h\u00f6herem Verfl\u00fcssigungsdruck, verlieren Leistung und Effizienz, w\u00e4hrend Ventilatoren und Pumpen mehr Energie verbrauchen. Dies belastet unmittelbar den PUE.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"une-column\"><p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Espa\u00f1a presenta una situaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s desfavorable que buena parte de Europa. Acumula m\u00e1s grados-d\u00eda de refrigeraci\u00f3n, temporadas c\u00e1lidas m\u00e1s largas y un menor n\u00famero de horas adecuadas para free cooling. Esta diferencia no impide construir centros eficientes, pero s\u00ed reduce el margen disponible para alcanzar un mismo PUE anual. Si se utiliza refrigeraci\u00f3n evaporativa para compensar la penalizaci\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica, aumenta el consumo de agua y se dificulta el cumplimiento de un WUE muy bajo. Aparece as\u00ed un conflicto f\u00edsico entre energ\u00eda y agua que un l\u00edmite uniforme no refleja correctamente.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Spain faces more adverse conditions than much of Europe. It accumulates more cooling degree days, longer warm seasons and fewer hours suitable for free cooling. This difference does not prevent efficient data centres from being built, but it reduces the available margin for achieving the same annual PUE. If evaporative cooling is used to offset the energy penalty, water consumption increases and achieving a very low WUE becomes more difficult. This creates a physical conflict between energy and water that a uniform limit fails to reflect adequately.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">L'Espagne se trouve dans une situation moins favorable qu'une grande partie de l'Europe. Elle cumule davantage de degr\u00e9s-jours de refroidissement, des saisons chaudes plus longues et moins d'heures adapt\u00e9es au free cooling. Cette diff\u00e9rence n'emp\u00eache pas de construire des centres efficaces, mais r\u00e9duit la marge disponible pour atteindre le m\u00eame PUE annuel. Si l'on utilise le refroidissement \u00e9vaporatif pour compenser la p\u00e9nalit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, la consommation d'eau augmente et le respect d'un WUE tr\u00e8s faible devient plus difficile. Il appara\u00eet ainsi un conflit physique entre \u00e9nergie et eau qu'une limite uniforme ne refl\u00e8te pas correctement.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La Spagna si trova in una situazione pi\u00f9 sfavorevole rispetto a gran parte dell'Europa. Accumula pi\u00f9 gradi-giorno di raffrescamento, stagioni calde pi\u00f9 lunghe e meno ore adatte al free cooling. Questa differenza non impedisce di realizzare centri efficienti, ma riduce il margine disponibile per raggiungere lo stesso PUE annuale. Se si ricorre al raffrescamento evaporativo per compensare la penalizzazione energetica, aumenta il consumo d'acqua e diventa pi\u00f9 difficile rispettare un WUE molto basso. Si crea cos\u00ec un conflitto fisico tra energia e acqua che un limite uniforme non rappresenta correttamente.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Spanien befindet sich gegen\u00fcber gro\u00dfen Teilen Europas in einer ung\u00fcnstigeren Lage. Dort fallen mehr K\u00fchlgradtage, l\u00e4ngere warme Jahreszeiten und weniger f\u00fcr Free Cooling geeignete Stunden an. Das verhindert den Bau effizienter Rechenzentren nicht, verringert aber den Spielraum, um denselben j\u00e4hrlichen PUE zu erreichen. Wird zur Kompensation des energetischen Nachteils Verdunstungsk\u00fchlung eingesetzt, steigt der Wasserverbrauch und ein sehr niedriger WUE wird schwieriger einzuhalten. So entsteht ein physikalischer Zielkonflikt zwischen Energie und Wasser, den ein einheitlicher Grenzwert nicht angemessen abbildet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Andaluc\u00eda concentra este problema. El valle del Guadalquivir y numerosas zonas interiores registran temperaturas estivales muy elevadas, episodios prolongados y noches c\u00e1lidas que limitan la recuperaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica. En el litoral, la humedad reduce el potencial de enfriamiento evaporativo y puede restringir determinadas estrategias de free cooling. A ello se suma el estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico, que desaconseja resolver el problema energ\u00e9tico mediante un uso intensivo de agua.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Andalusia concentrates this problem. The Guadalquivir valley and many inland areas experience very high summer temperatures, prolonged hot spells and warm nights that limit thermal recovery. On the coast, humidity reduces the potential for evaporative cooling and can restrict certain free-cooling strategies. Water stress is an additional concern, making it inadvisable to solve the energy problem through intensive water use.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">L'Andalousie concentre ce probl\u00e8me. La vall\u00e9e du Guadalquivir et de nombreuses zones int\u00e9rieures connaissent des temp\u00e9ratures estivales tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9es, des \u00e9pisodes prolong\u00e9s et des nuits chaudes qui limitent la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration thermique. Sur le littoral, l'humidit\u00e9 r\u00e9duit le potentiel du refroidissement \u00e9vaporatif et peut restreindre certaines strat\u00e9gies de free cooling. S'y ajoute le stress hydrique, qui d\u00e9conseille de r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique par une utilisation intensive d'eau.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">L'Andalusia concentra questo problema. La valle del Guadalquivir e numerose aree interne registrano temperature estive molto elevate, episodi prolungati e notti calde che limitano il recupero termico. Sulla costa l'umidit\u00e0 riduce il potenziale del raffrescamento evaporativo e pu\u00f2 limitare determinate strategie di free cooling. A ci\u00f2 si aggiunge lo stress idrico, che sconsiglia di risolvere il problema energetico mediante un uso intensivo dell'acqua.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">In Andalusien ist dieses Problem besonders ausgepr\u00e4gt. Im Guadalquivir-Tal und vielen Binnenregionen treten sehr hohe Sommertemperaturen, anhaltende Hitzeperioden und warme N\u00e4chte auf, die die thermische Erholung begrenzen. An der K\u00fcste verringert die Luftfeuchtigkeit das Potenzial der Verdunstungsk\u00fchlung und kann bestimmte Free-Cooling-Strategien einschr\u00e4nken. Hinzu kommt Wasserknappheit, die gegen eine L\u00f6sung des Energieproblems durch hohen Wasserverbrauch spricht.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La severidad clim\u00e1tica no demuestra por s\u00ed sola que resulte imposible alcanzar PUE 1,15 y WUE 0,10. S\u00ed demuestra que esos valores no representan el mismo esfuerzo t\u00e9cnico en Helsinki, Madrid o Sevilla.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Climate severity alone does not prove that achieving PUE 1.15 and WUE 0.10 is impossible. It does show that these values do not represent the same technical effort in Helsinki, Madrid or Seville.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La rigueur climatique ne prouve pas, \u00e0 elle seule, qu'il soit impossible d'atteindre un PUE de 1,15 et un WUE de 0,10. Elle montre en revanche que ces valeurs n'exigent pas le m\u00eame effort technique \u00e0 Helsinki, Madrid ou S\u00e9ville.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La severit\u00e0 climatica non dimostra da sola che sia impossibile raggiungere PUE 1,15 e WUE 0,10. Dimostra per\u00f2 che questi valori non comportano lo stesso sforzo tecnico a Helsinki, Madrid o Siviglia.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Die klimatische Belastung beweist f\u00fcr sich genommen nicht, dass PUE 1,15 und WUE 0,10 unerreichbar sind. Sie zeigt jedoch, dass diese Werte in Helsinki, Madrid und Sevilla nicht denselben technischen Aufwand bedeuten.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Gr\u00e1fico original de severidad clim\u00e1tica de la presentaci\u00f3n\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"566\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc02-01-grafico-severidad-climatica.webp\" width=\"1111\"\/><\/figure><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La comparaci\u00f3n muestra los grados-d\u00eda de refrigeraci\u00f3n (CDD) medios del periodo clim\u00e1tico 1991-2020<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">The comparison shows average cooling degree days (CDD) for the 1991\u20132020 climate period.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La comparaison pr\u00e9sente les degr\u00e9s-jours de refroidissement (CDD) moyens de la p\u00e9riode climatique 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Il confronto mostra i gradi-giorno di raffrescamento (CDD) medi del periodo climatico 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Der Vergleich zeigt die durchschnittlichen K\u00fchlgradtage (CDD) des Klimazeitraums 1991\u20132020.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Mapa original de severidad clim\u00e1tica para refrigeraci\u00f3n en Europa\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"569\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc02-02-mapa-europa-cdd.webp\" width=\"853\"\/><\/figure><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Mapa original de severidad clim\u00e1tica para refrigeraci\u00f3n en Espa\u00f1a\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1296\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc02-03-mapa-espana-cdd.webp\" width=\"2001\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Mapa original de severidad clim\u00e1tica para refrigeraci\u00f3n en Andaluc\u00eda\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1296\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/dc02-04-mapa-andalucia-cdd_v2.webp\" width=\"2048\"\/><\/figure><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<div class=\"une-text-columns\"><div class=\"une-column\"><p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La regulaci\u00f3n deber\u00eda valorar el desempe\u00f1o sin confundir clima desfavorable con ineficiencia. Para ello necesita datos meteorol\u00f3gicos horarios, normalizaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica, perfiles de carga IT, ocupaci\u00f3n, criterios de resiliencia y disponibilidad h\u00eddrica. Un l\u00edmite sin estas correcciones puede favorecer decisiones t\u00e9cnicamente forzadas y ambientalmente incoherentes.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Regulation should assess performance without confusing an unfavourable climate with inefficiency. This requires hourly weather data, climate normalisation, IT load profiles, occupancy, resilience criteria and water availability. A limit without these adjustments may encourage technically forced and environmentally inconsistent decisions.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La r\u00e9glementation devrait \u00e9valuer la performance sans confondre climat d\u00e9favorable et inefficacit\u00e9. Elle doit pour cela disposer de donn\u00e9es m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques horaires, d'une normalisation climatique, de profils de charge informatique, du taux d'occupation, de crit\u00e8res de r\u00e9silience et de la disponibilit\u00e9 de l'eau. Une limite sans ces corrections peut favoriser des d\u00e9cisions techniquement contraintes et incoh\u00e9rentes sur le plan environnemental.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La regolamentazione dovrebbe valutare le prestazioni senza confondere un clima sfavorevole con l'inefficienza. A tal fine servono dati meteorologici orari, normalizzazione climatica, profili di carico IT, occupazione, criteri di resilienza e disponibilit\u00e0 idrica. Un limite privo di tali correzioni pu\u00f2 favorire decisioni tecnicamente forzate e ambientalmente incoerenti.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Regulatorische Vorgaben sollten die Leistung bewerten, ohne ung\u00fcnstiges Klima mit Ineffizienz zu verwechseln. Dazu sind st\u00fcndliche Wetterdaten, Klimanormalisierung, IT-Lastprofile, Auslastung, Resilienzkriterien und Wasserverf\u00fcgbarkeit erforderlich. Ein Grenzwert ohne diese Korrekturen kann technisch erzwungene und \u00f6kologisch widerspr\u00fcchliche Entscheidungen f\u00f6rdern.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La exigencia debe mantenerse, pero apoyada en una metodolog\u00eda verificable, clim\u00e1ticamente justa y tecnol\u00f3gicamente neutral.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">The requirement should remain, but be supported by a verifiable, climatically fair and technology-neutral methodology.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">L'exigence doit \u00eatre maintenue, mais reposer sur une m\u00e9thode v\u00e9rifiable, \u00e9quitable sur le plan climatique et neutre technologiquement.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Il requisito deve essere mantenuto, ma basato su una metodologia verificabile, climaticamente equa e tecnologicamente neutrale.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Die Anforderung sollte bestehen bleiben, jedoch auf einer \u00fcberpr\u00fcfbaren, klimatisch fairen und technologieneutralen Methodik beruhen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">El estudio regulatorio del PUE y el WUE deber\u00eda partir de una simulaci\u00f3n horaria, no de temperaturas medias anuales ni de una divisi\u00f3n territorial gen\u00e9rica. Cada emplazamiento debe analizarse mediante una serie meteorol\u00f3gica representativa que incluya temperatura seca, bulbo h\u00famedo, punto de roc\u00edo, humedad, radiaci\u00f3n y frecuencia de episodios extremos. Tambi\u00e9n conviene incorporar escenarios clim\u00e1ticos futuros, porque un centro de datos operar\u00e1 durante veinte o treinta a\u00f1os.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">The regulatory assessment of PUE and WUE should start from hourly simulation, not annual mean temperatures or a generic territorial division. Each site should be analysed using a representative weather series including dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, dew point, humidity, radiation and frequency of extreme events. Future climate scenarios should also be incorporated, because a data centre will operate for twenty or thirty years.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">L'\u00e9valuation r\u00e9glementaire du PUE et du WUE devrait partir d'une simulation horaire, et non de temp\u00e9ratures moyennes annuelles ni d'un d\u00e9coupage territorial g\u00e9n\u00e9rique. Chaque site doit \u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9 \u00e0 partir d'une s\u00e9rie m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique repr\u00e9sentative comprenant temp\u00e9rature s\u00e8che, bulbe humide, point de ros\u00e9e, humidit\u00e9, rayonnement et fr\u00e9quence des \u00e9v\u00e9nements extr\u00eames. Il convient aussi d'int\u00e9grer des sc\u00e9narios climatiques futurs, car un centre de donn\u00e9es fonctionnera pendant vingt ou trente ans.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La valutazione normativa di PUE e WUE dovrebbe partire da una simulazione oraria, non da temperature medie annue n\u00e9 da una suddivisione territoriale generica. Ogni sito deve essere analizzato mediante una serie meteorologica rappresentativa che includa temperatura a bulbo secco, bulbo umido, punto di rugiada, umidit\u00e0, radiazione e frequenza degli eventi estremi. \u00c8 opportuno includere anche scenari climatici futuri, perch\u00e9 un centro dati funzioner\u00e0 per venti o trent'anni.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Die regulatorische Bewertung von PUE und WUE sollte auf st\u00fcndlichen Simulationen beruhen und nicht auf j\u00e4hrlichen Mitteltemperaturen oder einer pauschalen regionalen Einteilung. Jeder Standort muss anhand einer repr\u00e4sentativen Wetterzeitreihe mit Trockenkugel- und Feuchtkugeltemperatur, Taupunkt, Luftfeuchtigkeit, Strahlung und H\u00e4ufigkeit extremer Ereignisse untersucht werden. Auch k\u00fcnftige Klimaszenarien sollten einbezogen werden, da ein Rechenzentrum zwanzig oder drei\u00dfig Jahre betrieben wird.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"une-column\"><p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La regulaci\u00f3n deber\u00eda exigir dos resultados.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Regulation should require two results.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La r\u00e9glementation devrait exiger deux r\u00e9sultats.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La regolamentazione dovrebbe richiedere due risultati.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Die Regulierung sollte zwei Ergebnisse verlangen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Primero, los valores PUE y WUE medidos, porque reflejan el impacto real del centro.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">First, measured PUE and WUE values, because they reflect the centre's actual impact.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Premi\u00e8rement, les valeurs mesur\u00e9es de PUE et de WUE, car elles refl\u00e8tent l'impact r\u00e9el du centre.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">In primo luogo, i valori misurati di PUE e WUE, perch\u00e9 riflettono l'impatto reale del centro.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Erstens die gemessenen PUE- und WUE-Werte, da sie die tats\u00e4chlichen Auswirkungen des Rechenzentrums widerspiegeln.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Segundo, valores normalizados para un clima y una carga de referencia, capaces de distinguir la calidad del dise\u00f1o de las condiciones exteriores y del grado de ocupaci\u00f3n.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Second, values normalised for a reference climate and load, capable of distinguishing design quality from outdoor conditions and occupancy levels.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Deuxi\u00e8mement, des valeurs normalis\u00e9es pour un climat et une charge de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, permettant de distinguer la qualit\u00e9 de conception des conditions ext\u00e9rieures et du taux d'occupation.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">In secondo luogo, valori normalizzati per un clima e un carico di riferimento, capaci di distinguere la qualit\u00e0 del progetto dalle condizioni esterne e dal grado di occupazione.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Zweitens auf ein Referenzklima und eine Referenzlast normierte Werte, die die Entwurfsqualit\u00e4t von Au\u00dfenbedingungen und Auslastungsgrad unterscheiden k\u00f6nnen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Esta doble declaraci\u00f3n mantendr\u00eda la transparencia sin penalizar autom\u00e1ticamente los emplazamientos c\u00e1lidos.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">This dual reporting would preserve transparency without automatically penalising warmer locations.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Cette double d\u00e9claration pr\u00e9serverait la transparence sans p\u00e9naliser automatiquement les sites chauds.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Questa doppia dichiarazione manterrebbe la trasparenza senza penalizzare automaticamente i siti pi\u00f9 caldi.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Diese doppelte Berichterstattung w\u00fcrde Transparenz wahren, ohne warme Standorte automatisch zu benachteiligen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Tambi\u00e9n deber\u00eda prever un periodo de maduraci\u00f3n y una media m\u00f3vil plurianual. De este modo, la norma exigir\u00eda eficiencia demostrable sin confundir una ola de calor, una ocupaci\u00f3n todav\u00eda baja o una restricci\u00f3n h\u00eddrica con un dise\u00f1o HVAC deficiente.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">A commissioning and stabilisation period and a multi-year moving average should also be considered. In this way, regulation would require demonstrable efficiency without confusing a heatwave, still-low occupancy or water restrictions with poor HVAC design.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Elle devrait \u00e9galement pr\u00e9voir une p\u00e9riode de stabilisation et une moyenne mobile pluriannuelle. La r\u00e9glementation exigerait ainsi une efficacit\u00e9 d\u00e9montrable sans confondre une vague de chaleur, un taux d'occupation encore faible ou une restriction d'eau avec une conception HVAC d\u00e9ficiente.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Dovrebbe inoltre prevedere un periodo di assestamento e una media mobile pluriennale. In questo modo la norma richiederebbe un'efficienza dimostrabile senza confondere un'ondata di calore, un'occupazione ancora bassa o una restrizione idrica con una progettazione HVAC carente.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Au\u00dferdem sollten eine Anlauf- und Stabilisierungsphase sowie ein mehrj\u00e4hriger gleitender Durchschnitt vorgesehen werden. So w\u00fcrde nachweisbare Effizienz verlangt, ohne eine Hitzewelle, noch geringe Auslastung oder Wasserbeschr\u00e4nkungen mit einer schlechten HVAC-Planung zu verwechseln.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Infograf\u00eda original sobre PUE y WUE con consideraci\u00f3n de la severidad clim\u00e1tica\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"941\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc02-05-infografia-pue-wue.webp\" width=\"1672\"\/><\/figure><\/section>\r\n<div class=\"une-motto\"><p><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Evita ambientes poco ventilados y a quien no te mantenga informado.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Avoid poorly ventilated environments and those who do not keep you informed.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00c9vitez les environnements mal a\u00e9r\u00e9s et ceux qui ne vous tiennent pas inform\u00e9.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Evita gli ambienti poco ventilati e chi non ti tiene informato.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Meide schlecht bel\u00fcftete Umgebungen und Menschen, die dich nicht auf dem Laufenden halten.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<footer class=\"pree-author-card pree-author-card--bottom\" itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\r\n<div class=\"pree-author-identity\">\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Arboledas Herranz\" class=\"keyter-author-compact__photo\" data-une-img=\"autor\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"58\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1791098996839.jpg\" width=\"58\"\/>\r\n<div class=\"keyter-author-compact__content\">\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__name\">Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Arboledas Herranz<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__meta\"><span>Instituto Ent\u00e1lpico Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__bio\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Miembro 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(Parte 02) \u00b7 SEVERIDAD CLIMATICAUNFAIR TO SPAIN? (Part 02) \u00b7 CLIMATE SEVERITYINJUSTE POUR L\u2019ESPAGNE ? (Partie 02) \u00b7 RIGUEUR CLIMATIQUEINGIUSTO PER LA SPAGNA? (Parte 02) \u00b7 SEVERIT\u00c0 CLIMATICAUNGERECHT GEGEN\u00dcBER SPANIEN? (Teil 02) \u00b7 KLIMATISCHE BELASTUNG Jos\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-96784","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>RD Data Center \u00bfInjusto para Espa\u00f1a? 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