{"id":96814,"date":"2026-10-26T17:52:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T17:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/rd-data-center-injusto-para-espana-parte-03-%c2%b7-episodios-de-olas-de-calor\/"},"modified":"2026-11-05T11:58:41","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T11:58:41","slug":"rd-data-center-injusto-para-espana-parte-03-%c2%b7-episodios-de-olas-de-calor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/es\/rd-data-center-injusto-para-espana-parte-03-%c2%b7-episodios-de-olas-de-calor\/","title":{"rendered":"RD Data Center \u00bfInjusto para Espa\u00f1a? (Parte 03) \u00b7 Episodios de olas de calor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"96814\" class=\"elementor elementor-96814 elementor-96452\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86c0b10 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default parallax_section_no qode_elementor_container_no\" data-id=\"86c0b10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18517a8\" data-id=\"18517a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a1559a e-grid-align-right elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"1a1559a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-a8c6510\" href=\"https:\/\/es.linkedin.com\/company\/keyter\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-3362250\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/keyterHVACR\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-x-twitter elementor-repeater-item-3f1e49f\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KEYTERes\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">X-twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-x-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-2b5a944\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCMHOMneQyaueda5RocUOBog\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-youtube\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40a7448 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"40a7448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<meta charset=\"utf-8\"\/><meta content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1\" name=\"viewport\"\/>\r\n<!-- Fragmento original para widget HTML Elementor. 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#rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .une-i18n-infographic[lang][lang=\"de\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:not(:lang(es)):not(:lang(en)):not(:lang(fr)):not(:lang(it)):not(:lang(de)) #rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .une-i18n-infographic[lang][lang=\"es\"]{display:block!important}\r\n#rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang]{display:none!important}\r\nhtml:lang(es) #rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"es\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:lang(en) #rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"en\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:lang(fr) #rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"fr\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:lang(it) #rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"it\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:lang(de) #rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"de\"]{display:block!important}\r\nhtml:not(:lang(es)):not(:lang(en)):not(:lang(fr)):not(:lang(it)):not(:lang(de)) #rd-datacenter-parte-03[data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\"] .kt-language-block[lang][lang=\"es\"]{display:block!important}\r\n<\/style><article data-kt-template=\"cronologia-v1\" id=\"rd-datacenter-parte-03\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\">\r\n<header class=\"une-article-header\"><h1 itemprop=\"headline\">RD DATA CENTER<span class=\"une-subtitle\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">\u00bfINJUSTO PARA ESPA\u00d1A? (Parte 03) \u00b7 EPISODIOS DE OLAS DE CALOR<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">UNFAIR TO SPAIN? (Part 03) \u00b7 HEATWAVE EPISODES<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">INJUSTE POUR L\u2019ESPAGNE ? (Partie 03) \u00b7 \u00c9PISODES DE VAGUES DE CHALEUR<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">INGIUSTO PER LA SPAGNA? (Parte 03) \u00b7 EPISODI DI ONDATE DI CALORE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">UNGERECHT GEGEN\u00dcBER SPANIEN? (Teil 03) \u00b7 HITZEWELLEN<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"une-title-mark\"><img alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"20\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/line-leaf-single-right.svg\" width=\"300\"\/><\/div>\r\n<aside class=\"pree-author-card pree-author-card--top\" itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\r\n<div class=\"pree-author-identity\">\r\n<img alt=\"Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Arboledas Herranz\" class=\"keyter-author-compact__photo\" data-une-img=\"autor\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"58\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1791098996839.jpg\" width=\"58\"\/>\r\n<div class=\"keyter-author-compact__content\">\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__name\">Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Arboledas Herranz<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__meta\"><span>Instituto Ent\u00e1lpico Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__bio\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Miembro ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">ASHRAE Spain Chapter member<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Membre de l'ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Membro di ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Mitglied des ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__links\"><a href=\"mailto:iee@institutoentalpico.com\"><span>iee@institutoentalpico.com<\/span><\/a>\r\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\"> \u00b7 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.linkedin.com\/posts\/jos%C3%A9-jes%C3%BAs-arboledas-herranz-8a8a6bb1_episodios-de-olas-de-calor-activity-7509877087206400001-cjUr\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">LinkedIn<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\"> \u00b7 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@institutoentalpicoespa%C3%B1ol\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">YouTube<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<a class=\"pree-iee-logo-link pree-iee-logo--author\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/institutoentalpico\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><img alt=\"Instituto Ent\u00e1lpico Espa\u00f1ol\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/institutoentalpico-logo.webp\" width=\"180\"\/><\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"une-boe-spacer\"><\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n<nav aria-label=\"Fuentes oficiales y normativa\" class=\"une-norm-tags une-norm-tags--top\"><div class=\"une-norm-tags__grid\"><a class=\"une-norm-tags__item\" href=\"https:\/\/www.miteco.gob.es\/content\/dam\/miteco\/es\/energia\/files-1\/es-ES\/Participacion\/Documents\/anexos\/aeip-rd-cpds-sostenibles\/PRD%20CPDs%20audiencia%20publica.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Proyecto RD \u00b7 Centros de datos<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Draft Royal Decree \u00b7 Data centres<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Projet de d\u00e9cret royal \u00b7 Centres de donn\u00e9es<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Progetto di decreto reale \u00b7 Centri dati<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Entwurf einer K\u00f6niglichen Verordnung \u00b7 Rechenzentren<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/nav><\/header>\r\n<div class=\"une-article-text\" itemprop=\"articleBody\">\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<p class=\"une-lead kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">El an\u00e1lisis confirma una desventaja clim\u00e1tica absoluta de Espa\u00f1a y, especialmente, del interior de Andaluc\u00eda frente al promedio europeo cuando el criterio relevante es la persistencia de m\u00e1ximas exteriores superiores a 35\u00b0C.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">The analysis confirms an absolute climatic disadvantage for Spain, and especially inland Andalusia, compared with the European average when the relevant criterion is the persistence of outdoor maximum temperatures above 35\u00b0C.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">L'analyse confirme un d\u00e9savantage climatique absolu pour l'Espagne et, surtout, pour l'int\u00e9rieur de l'Andalousie par rapport \u00e0 la moyenne europ\u00e9enne lorsque le crit\u00e8re pertinent est la persistance de temp\u00e9ratures ext\u00e9rieures maximales sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 35\u00b0C.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">L'analisi conferma uno svantaggio climatico assoluto per la Spagna e, soprattutto, per l'entroterra andaluso rispetto alla media europea, quando il criterio rilevante \u00e8 la persistenza di temperature massime esterne superiori a 35\u00b0C.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Die Analyse best\u00e4tigt einen absoluten klimatischen Nachteil Spaniens und insbesondere des andalusischen Binnenlands gegen\u00fcber dem europ\u00e4ischen Durchschnitt, wenn das entscheidende Kriterium das anhaltende Auftreten von Au\u00dfentemperaturh\u00f6chstwerten \u00fcber 35\u00b0C ist.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"une-text-columns\"><div class=\"une-column\"><h2 class=\"kt-heading-2\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 se entiende por \u201cola de calor\u201d?<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">What is meant by a \u201cheatwave\u201d?<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Qu'entend-on par \u00ab vague de chaleur \u00bb ?<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Che cosa si intende per \u201condata di calore\u201d?<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Was versteht man unter einer \u201eHitzewelle\u201c?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<h3 class=\"kt-heading-3\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Definici\u00f3n oficial de AEMET<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Official AEMET definition<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">D\u00e9finition officielle de l'AEMET<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Definizione ufficiale di AEMET<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Offizielle Definition der AEMET<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">AEMET identifica una ola de calor cuando, durante al menos tres d\u00edas consecutivos, como m\u00ednimo el 10% de las estaciones consideradas registra m\u00e1ximas por encima del percentil 95 de su serie de julio y agosto del periodo de referencia. Es una definici\u00f3n relativa, espacial y orientada a caracterizar episodios meteorol\u00f3gicos en Espa\u00f1a.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">AEMET identifies a heatwave when, for at least three consecutive days, a minimum of 10% of the stations considered record maximum temperatures above the 95th percentile of their July and August series for the reference period. This is a relative, spatial definition designed to characterise weather episodes in Spain.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">L'AEMET identifie une vague de chaleur lorsque, pendant au moins trois jours cons\u00e9cutifs, 10 % au minimum des stations consid\u00e9r\u00e9es enregistrent des temp\u00e9ratures maximales sup\u00e9rieures au 95e percentile de leur s\u00e9rie de juillet et ao\u00fbt pour la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Il s'agit d'une d\u00e9finition relative et spatiale, destin\u00e9e \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser les \u00e9pisodes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques en Espagne.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">AEMET identifica un'ondata di calore quando, per almeno tre giorni consecutivi, almeno il 10% delle stazioni considerate registra temperature massime superiori al 95\u00b0 percentile della propria serie di luglio e agosto del periodo di riferimento. \u00c8 una definizione relativa e spaziale, finalizzata a caratterizzare gli episodi meteorologici in Spagna.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">AEMET definiert eine Hitzewelle dann, wenn an mindestens drei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen mindestens 10 % der betrachteten Messstationen H\u00f6chsttemperaturen oberhalb des 95. Perzentils ihrer Juli- und Augustwerte im Referenzzeitraum verzeichnen. Es handelt sich um eine relative, r\u00e4umliche Definition zur Beschreibung meteorologischer Hitzeereignisse in Spanien.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3 class=\"kt-heading-3\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Indicador adoptado para HVAC<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Indicator adopted for HVAC<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Indicateur retenu pour le HVAC<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Indicatore adottato per l'HVAC<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">F\u00fcr HVAC verwendeter Indikator<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Para comparar la presi\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica sobre equipos se aplica un umbral absoluto y homog\u00e9neo: promedio anual de d\u00edas incluidos en secuencias de al menos tres jornadas consecutivas con Tmax diaria \u226535\u00b0C, en 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">To compare the thermal pressure on equipment, an absolute, uniform threshold is applied: the annual average number of days included in sequences of at least three consecutive days with a daily Tmax \u226535\u00b0C, during 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Pour comparer la contrainte thermique subie par les \u00e9quipements, on applique un seuil absolu et uniforme : nombre moyen annuel de jours appartenant \u00e0 des s\u00e9quences d'au moins trois journ\u00e9es cons\u00e9cutives avec une Tmax quotidienne \u226535\u00b0C, sur 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Per confrontare la pressione termica sulle apparecchiature si applica una soglia assoluta e omogenea: media annua dei giorni compresi in sequenze di almeno tre giornate consecutive con Tmax giornaliera \u226535\u00b0C, nel periodo 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Um die thermische Belastung der Anlagen zu vergleichen, wird ein absoluter, einheitlicher Schwellenwert verwendet: die durchschnittliche j\u00e4hrliche Anzahl der Tage in Folgen von mindestens drei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen mit t\u00e4glicher Tmax \u226535\u00b0C im Zeitraum 1991\u20132020.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"une-column\"><p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La continuidad importa porque impide la recuperaci\u00f3n nocturna y prolonga el funcionamiento degradado del rechazo t\u00e9rmico.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Continuity matters because it prevents overnight recovery and prolongs the degraded operation of heat-rejection equipment.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La continuit\u00e9 est importante car elle emp\u00eache la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration nocturne et prolonge le fonctionnement d\u00e9grad\u00e9 des \u00e9quipements de rejet thermique.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La continuit\u00e0 \u00e8 importante perch\u00e9 impedisce il recupero notturno e prolunga il funzionamento degradato dei sistemi di smaltimento del calore.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Die Dauer ist wichtig, weil sie die n\u00e4chtliche Erholung verhindert und den ineffizienteren Betrieb der W\u00e4rmeabfuhr verl\u00e4ngert.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La desventaja clim\u00e1tica es absoluta en Espa\u00f1a y, especialmente, del interior de Andaluc\u00eda frente al promedio europeo. El criterio relevante es la persistencia de m\u00e1ximas exteriores superiores a 35 \u00b0C.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">The climatic disadvantage is absolute in Spain, particularly inland Andalusia, compared with the European average. The relevant criterion is the persistence of outdoor maximum temperatures above 35 \u00b0C.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Le d\u00e9savantage climatique est absolu en Espagne et, particuli\u00e8rement, dans l'int\u00e9rieur de l'Andalousie, par rapport \u00e0 la moyenne europ\u00e9enne. Le crit\u00e8re pertinent est la persistance des temp\u00e9ratures ext\u00e9rieures maximales sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 35 \u00b0C.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Lo svantaggio climatico \u00e8 assoluto in Spagna e, in particolare, nell'entroterra dell'Andalusia rispetto alla media europea. Il criterio rilevante \u00e8 la persistenza di temperature massime esterne superiori a 35 \u00b0C.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Der klimatische Nachteil ist in Spanien und besonders im andalusischen Binnenland gegen\u00fcber dem europ\u00e4ischen Durchschnitt absolut. Ma\u00dfgeblich ist das anhaltende Auftreten von Au\u00dfentemperaturh\u00f6chstwerten \u00fcber 35 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La media simple de las ubicaciones representativas analizadas es 3,7 d\u00edas\/a\u00f1o en la UE-27, 11,0 en Espa\u00f1a y 26,4 en Andaluc\u00eda. Estas cifras no son promedios espaciales: cada territorio se representa por una capital o ubicaci\u00f3n de referencia.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">The simple average of the representative locations analysed is 3.7 days\/year in the EU-27, 11.0 in Spain and 26.4 in Andalusia. These figures are not spatial averages: each territory is represented by a capital city or reference location.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La moyenne simple des sites repr\u00e9sentatifs analys\u00e9s est de 3,7 jours\/an dans l'UE-27, de 11,0 en Espagne et de 26,4 en Andalousie. Ces chiffres ne sont pas des moyennes spatiales : chaque territoire est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par une capitale ou un site de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La media semplice dei siti rappresentativi analizzati \u00e8 di 3,7 giorni\/anno nell'UE-27, 11,0 in Spagna e 26,4 in Andalusia. Questi dati non sono medie spaziali: ogni territorio \u00e8 rappresentato da un capoluogo o sito di riferimento.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Der einfache Mittelwert der untersuchten repr\u00e4sentativen Standorte betr\u00e4gt 3,7 Tage\/Jahr in der EU-27, 11,0 in Spanien und 26,4 in Andalusien. Dies sind keine r\u00e4umlichen Mittelwerte: Jedes Gebiet wird durch eine Hauptstadt oder einen Referenzstandort vertreten.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n<div aria-label=\"Tabla: \u00c1mbito, Ubicaciones, D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o \u226535 \u00b0C en episodios \u22653 d\u00edas, \u00cdndice frente UE\" class=\"une-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">\u00c1mbito<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Scope<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">P\u00e9rim\u00e8tre<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Ambito<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Geltungsbereich<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Ubicaciones<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Locations<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Sites<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Ubicazioni<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Standorte<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o \u226535 \u00b0C en episodios \u22653 d\u00edas<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Days\/year \u226535 \u00b0C in episodes lasting \u22653 days<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Jours\/an \u226535 \u00b0C lors d'\u00e9pisodes d'au moins 3 jours<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Giorni\/anno \u226535 \u00b0C in episodi di almeno 3 giorni<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Tage\/Jahr \u226535 \u00b0C in Ereignissen von mindestens 3 Tagen<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">\u00cdndice frente UE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Index relative to EU<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Indice par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019UE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Indice rispetto all\u2019UE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Index gegen\u00fcber der EU<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">UE-27<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">EU-27<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">UE-27<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">UE-27<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">EU-27<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">27 capitales nacionales<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">27 national capitals<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">27 capitales nationales<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">27 capitali nazionali<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">27 nationale Hauptst\u00e4dte<\/span><\/td><td>3,7<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Espa\u00f1a<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Spain<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Espagne<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Spagna<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Spanien<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">19 capitales auton\u00f3micas\/ciudades<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">19 regional capitals\/cities<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">19 capitales r\u00e9gionales\/villes<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">19 capoluoghi regionali\/citt\u00e0<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">19 regionale Hauptst\u00e4dte\/St\u00e4dte<\/span><\/td><td>11<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Andaluc\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Andalusia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Andalousie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Andalusia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Andalusien<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">8 capitales provinciales<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">8 provincial capitals<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">8 capitales provinciales<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">8 capoluoghi provinciali<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">8 Provinzhauptst\u00e4dte<\/span><\/td><td>26,4<\/td><td>7,2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Mapa europeo de ubicaciones de estudio de olas de calor\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"577\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/dc03-01-ubicaciones-europa_v2.webp\" width=\"960\"\/><\/figure><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<div class=\"une-text-columns\"><div class=\"une-column\"><h2 class=\"kt-heading-2\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Conclusiones fundamentales<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Key conclusions<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Conclusions essentielles<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Conclusioni fondamentali<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Wesentliche Schlussfolgerungen<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">El promedio simple de las referencias espa\u00f1olas triplica el europeo; el andaluz multiplica por 7,2 la referencia UE.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">The simple average for the Spanish references is three times the European figure; the Andalusian average is 7.2 times the EU reference.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La moyenne simple des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences espagnoles est trois fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de l'Europe ; la moyenne andalouse est 7,2 fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l'UE.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La media semplice dei riferimenti spagnoli triplica quella europea; quella andalusa \u00e8 7,2 volte il riferimento UE.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Der einfache Durchschnitt der spanischen Referenzstandorte ist dreimal so hoch wie der europ\u00e4ische; der andalusische Wert liegt beim 7,2-Fachen des EU-Referenzwerts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Las ubicaciones interiores concentran la exposici\u00f3n: Sevilla registra 61,2 d\u00edas\/a\u00f1o; Ja\u00e9n 49,2; C\u00f3rdoba 48,8 y Huelva 48,1 en la rejilla NASA POWER.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Inland locations experience the greatest exposure: Seville records 61.2 days\/year; Ja\u00e9n 49.2; C\u00f3rdoba 48.8 and Huelva 48.1 in the NASA POWER grid.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Les sites int\u00e9rieurs concentrent l'exposition : S\u00e9ville enregistre 61,2 jours\/an ; Ja\u00e9n 49,2 ; Cordoue 48,8 et Huelva 48,1, selon la grille NASA POWER.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">I siti interni concentrano l'esposizione: Siviglia registra 61,2 giorni\/anno; Ja\u00e9n 49,2; Cordova 48,8 e Huelva 48,1 nella griglia NASA POWER.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Binnenstandorte sind am st\u00e4rksten betroffen: Sevilla verzeichnet 61,2 Tage\/Jahr, Ja\u00e9n 49,2, C\u00f3rdoba 48,8 und Huelva 48,1 im NASA-POWER-Raster.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">El calor persistente reduce o anula horas de free cooling, eleva la temperatura de condensaci\u00f3n o de retorno del circuito seco y prolonga la operaci\u00f3n en condiciones de menor eficiencia.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Persistent heat reduces or eliminates free-cooling hours, raises condensing temperature or the return temperature of the dry circuit, and prolongs operation under less efficient conditions.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La chaleur persistante r\u00e9duit ou supprime des heures de free cooling, \u00e9l\u00e8ve la temp\u00e9rature de condensation ou de retour du circuit sec et prolonge le fonctionnement dans des conditions moins efficaces.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Il calore persistente riduce o annulla le ore di free cooling, aumenta la temperatura di condensazione o di ritorno del circuito a secco e prolunga il funzionamento in condizioni di minore efficienza.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Anhaltende Hitze verringert oder beseitigt Free-Cooling-Stunden, erh\u00f6ht die Verfl\u00fcssigungs- bzw. R\u00fccklauftemperatur des Trockenkreislaufs und verl\u00e4ngert den Betrieb unter ung\u00fcnstigeren Effizienzbedingungen.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"une-column\"><p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Un WUE muy bajo limita el recurso a refrigeraci\u00f3n evaporativa. Por ello, PUE \u22641,15 y WUE \u22640,10 resultan objetivos acoplados y clim\u00e1ticamente m\u00e1s exigentes en el sur peninsular.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">A very low WUE restricts the use of evaporative cooling. Consequently, PUE \u22641.15 and WUE \u22640.10 are linked targets that become more demanding under the climate of southern Spain.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Un WUE tr\u00e8s faible limite le recours au refroidissement \u00e9vaporatif. Ainsi, PUE \u22641,15 et WUE \u22640,10 deviennent des objectifs li\u00e9s et plus exigeants sous le climat du sud de la p\u00e9ninsule Ib\u00e9rique.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Un WUE molto basso limita il ricorso al raffrescamento evaporativo. Per questo PUE \u22641,15 e WUE \u22640,10 sono obiettivi collegati e climaticamente pi\u00f9 impegnativi nel sud della penisola iberica.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Ein sehr niedriger WUE begrenzt den Einsatz der Verdunstungsk\u00fchlung. Daher sind PUE \u22641,15 und WUE \u22640,10 miteinander verbundene Ziele, deren Erf\u00fcllung im Klima S\u00fcdspaniens anspruchsvoller ist.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">No puede traducirse este mapa a un porcentaje de consumo sin curvas de rendimiento, carga IT, arquitectura, consignas, humedad y simulaci\u00f3n horaria del emplazamiento.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">This map cannot be translated into a percentage of energy consumption without performance curves, IT load, system architecture, setpoints, humidity and hourly simulation for the site.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Cette carte ne peut \u00eatre convertie en pourcentage de consommation sans courbes de performance, charge informatique, architecture, consignes, humidit\u00e9 et simulation horaire du site.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Non \u00e8 possibile tradurre questa mappa in una percentuale di consumo senza curve di rendimento, carico IT, architettura, setpoint, umidit\u00e0 e simulazione oraria del sito.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Aus dieser Karte l\u00e4sst sich ohne Leistungskennlinien, IT-Last, Systemarchitektur, Sollwerte, Luftfeuchtigkeit und eine standortspezifische st\u00fcndliche Simulation kein prozentualer Energieverbrauch ableiten.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"kt-heading-2\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">COMPARATIVA DE EPISODIOS DE OLAS DE CALOR<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">COMPARISON OF HEATWAVE EPISODES<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">COMPARAISON DES \u00c9PISODES DE VAGUES DE CHALEUR<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">CONFRONTO DEGLI EPISODI DI ONDATE DI CALORE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">VERGLEICH DER HITZEWELLEN<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Presentamos los eventos de Ola de Calor registrados en Europa, Espa\u00f1a y Andaluc\u00eda \u00b7 periodo clim\u00e1tico 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">We present the heatwave events recorded in Europe, Spain and Andalusia during the 1991\u20132020 climate period.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Nous pr\u00e9sentons les \u00e9pisodes de vagues de chaleur enregistr\u00e9s en Europe, en Espagne et en Andalousie sur la p\u00e9riode climatique 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Presentiamo gli eventi di ondata di calore registrati in Europa, Spagna e Andalusia nel periodo climatico 1991\u20132020.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Wir zeigen die in Europa, Spanien und Andalusien erfassten Hitzewellenereignisse im Klimazeitraum 1991\u20132020.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"kt-heading-2\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">EPISODIOS DE OLA DE CALOR EN EUROPA<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">HEATWAVE EPISODES IN EUROPE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00c9PISODES DE VAGUES DE CHALEUR EN EUROPE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">EPISODI DI ONDATA DI CALORE IN EUROPA<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">HITZEWELLEN IN EUROPA<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Mapa original de episodios de calor en Europa\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1181\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc03-02-olas-calor-europa.webp\" width=\"2100\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<div aria-label=\"Tabla: Territorio de referencia, D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o, Episodios\/a\u00f1o, M\u00e1xima racha\" class=\"une-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Territorio de referencia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Reference territory<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Territoire de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Territorio di riferimento<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Referenzgebiet<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Days\/year<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Jours\/an<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Giorni\/anno<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Tage\/Jahr<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Episodios\/a\u00f1o<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Episodes\/year<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00c9pisodes\/an<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Episodi\/anno<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Ereignisse\/Jahr<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">M\u00e1xima racha<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Longest sequence<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">S\u00e9quence maximale<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Sequenza massima<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">L\u00e4ngste Folge<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Chipre<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Cyprus<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Chypre<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Cipro<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Zypern<\/span><\/td><td>50.6<\/td><td>6.13<\/td><td>50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Espa\u00f1a<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Spain<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Espagne<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Spagna<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Spanien<\/span><\/td><td>17.0<\/td><td>3.53<\/td><td>18<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Ruman\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Romania<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Roumanie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Romania<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Rum\u00e4nien<\/span><\/td><td>8.5<\/td><td>2.07<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Italia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Italy<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Italie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Italia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Italien<\/span><\/td><td>8.3<\/td><td>1.57<\/td><td>12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Grecia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Greece<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Gr\u00e8ce<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Grecia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Griechenland<\/span><\/td><td>5.4<\/td><td>1.40<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Hungr\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Hungary<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Hongrie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Ungheria<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Ungarn<\/span><\/td><td>2.8<\/td><td>0.53<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Croacia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Croatia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Croatie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Croazia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Kroatien<\/span><\/td><td>2.1<\/td><td>0.47<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Eslovaquia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Slovakia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Slovaquie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Slovacchia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Slowakei<\/span><\/td><td>2.0<\/td><td>0.47<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Bulgaria<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Bulgaria<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Bulgarie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Bulgaria<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Bulgarien<\/span><\/td><td>0.6<\/td><td>0.13<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Alemania<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Germany<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Allemagne<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Germania<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Deutschland<\/span><\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>0.13<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"kt-heading-2\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">EPISODIOS DE OLA DE CALOR EN ESPA\u00d1A<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">HEATWAVE EPISODES IN SPAIN<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00c9PISODES DE VAGUES DE CHALEUR EN ESPAGNE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">EPISODI DI ONDATA DI CALORE IN SPAGNA<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">HITZEWELLEN IN SPANIEN<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Mapa original de episodios de calor en Espa\u00f1a\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1181\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc03-03-olas-calor-espana.webp\" width=\"2100\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<div aria-label=\"Tabla: Referencia, D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o, Referencia, D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o\" class=\"une-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Referencia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Reference<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Riferimento<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Referenz<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Days\/year<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Jours\/an<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Giorni\/anno<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Tage\/Jahr<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Referencia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Reference<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Riferimento<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Referenz<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Days\/year<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Jours\/an<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Giorni\/anno<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Tage\/Jahr<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Andaluc\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Andalusia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Andalousie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Andalusia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Andalusien<\/span><\/td><td>61.2<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Catalu\u00f1a<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Catalonia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Catalogne<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Catalogna<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Katalonien<\/span><\/td><td>0.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Extremadura<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Extremadura<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Estr\u00e9madure<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Estremadura<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Extremadura<\/span><\/td><td>46.3<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Pa\u00eds Vasco<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Basque Country<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Pays basque<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Paesi Baschi<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Baskenland<\/span><\/td><td>0.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Castilla-La Mancha<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Castile-La Mancha<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Castille-La Manche<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Castiglia-La Mancia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Kastilien-La Mancha<\/span><\/td><td>29.4<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Galicia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Galicia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Galice<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Galizia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Galicien<\/span><\/td><td>0.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">R. de Murcia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Region of Murcia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">R\u00e9gion de Murcie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Regione di Murcia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Region Murcia<\/span><\/td><td>22.4<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Asturias<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Asturias<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Asturies<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Asturie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Asturien<\/span><\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Arag\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Aragon<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Aragon<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Aragona<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Aragonien<\/span><\/td><td>18.1<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Cantabria<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Cantabria<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Cantabrie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Cantabria<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Kantabrien<\/span><\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Madrid<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Madrid<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Madrid<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Madrid<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Madrid<\/span><\/td><td>17.0<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Illes Balears<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Balearic Islands<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00celes Bal\u00e9ares<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Isole Baleari<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Balearen<\/span><\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">C. Valenciana<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Valencian Community<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Communaut\u00e9 valencienne<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Comunit\u00e0 Valenciana<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Valencianische Gemeinschaft<\/span><\/td><td>7.5<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Melilla<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Melilla<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Melilla<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Melilla<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Melilla<\/span><\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Castilla y Le\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Castile and Le\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Castille-et-Le\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Castiglia e Le\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Kastilien und Le\u00f3n<\/span><\/td><td>4.5<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Ceuta<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Ceuta<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Ceuta<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Ceuta<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Ceuta<\/span><\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">La Rioja<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">La Rioja<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">La Rioja<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">La Rioja<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">La Rioja<\/span><\/td><td>1.7<\/td><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Canarias<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Canary Islands<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00celes Canaries<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Isole Canarie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Kanarische Inseln<\/span><\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Navarra<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Navarre<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Navarre<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Navarra<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Navarra<\/span><\/td><td>0.4<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"kt-heading-2\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">EPISODIOS DE OLA DE CALOR EN ANDALUC\u00cdA<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">HEATWAVE EPISODES IN ANDALUSIA<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00c9PISODES DE VAGUES DE CHALEUR EN ANDALOUSIE<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">EPISODI DI ONDATA DI CALORE IN ANDALUSIA<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">HITZEWELLEN IN ANDALUSIEN<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Mapa original de episodios de calor en Andaluc\u00eda\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1181\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/dc03-04-olas-calor-andalucia_v2.webp\" width=\"2100\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<div aria-label=\"Tabla: Capital provincial, D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o en rachas, Episodios\/a\u00f1o, D\u00edas totales \u226535 \u00b0C\" class=\"une-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Capital provincial<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Provincial capital<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Capitale provinciale<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Capoluogo di provincia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Provinzhauptstadt<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o en rachas<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Days\/year in sequences<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Jours\/an en s\u00e9quences<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Giorni\/anno in sequenze<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Tage\/Jahr in Hitzeperioden<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Episodios\/a\u00f1o<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Episodes\/year<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00c9pisodes\/an<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Episodi\/anno<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Ereignisse\/Jahr<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">D\u00edas totales \u226535 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Total days \u226535 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Nombre total de jours \u226535 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Giorni totali \u226535 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Tage insgesamt \u226535 \u00b0C<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Noches \u226520 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Nights \u226520 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Nuits \u226520 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Notti \u226520 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">N\u00e4chte \u226520 \u00b0C<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Sevilla<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Seville<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">S\u00e9ville<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Siviglia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Sevilla<\/span><\/td><td>61.2<\/td><td>6.93<\/td><td>66.2<\/td><td>39.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Ja\u00e9n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Ja\u00e9n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Ja\u00e9n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Ja\u00e9n<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Ja\u00e9n<\/span><\/td><td>49.2<\/td><td>6.10<\/td><td>53.4<\/td><td>32.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">C\u00f3rdoba<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">C\u00f3rdoba<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Cordoue<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Cordova<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">C\u00f3rdoba<\/span><\/td><td>48.8<\/td><td>5.83<\/td><td>53.4<\/td><td>29.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Huelva<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Huelva<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Huelva<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Huelva<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Huelva<\/span><\/td><td>48.1<\/td><td>6.30<\/td><td>54.7<\/td><td>34.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Granada<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Granada<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Grenade<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Granada<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Granada<\/span><\/td><td>2.7<\/td><td>0.77<\/td><td>6.1<\/td><td>37.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Almer\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Almer\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Almer\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Almer\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Almer\u00eda<\/span><\/td><td>1.3<\/td><td>0.40<\/td><td>3.7<\/td><td>36.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">C\u00e1diz<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">C\u00e1diz<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Cadix<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Cadice<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">C\u00e1diz<\/span><\/td><td>0.2<\/td><td>0.07<\/td><td>1.3<\/td><td>72.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">M\u00e1laga<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">M\u00e1laga<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Malaga<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Malaga<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">M\u00e1laga<\/span><\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.00<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>83.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<div aria-label=\"Tabla: Territorio de referencia, D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o, Episodios\/a\u00f1o, M\u00e1xima racha\" class=\"une-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Territorio de referencia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Reference territory<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Territoire de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Territorio di riferimento<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Referenzgebiet<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Days\/year<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Jours\/an<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Giorni\/anno<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Tage\/Jahr<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Episodios\/a\u00f1o<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Episodes\/year<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00c9pisodes\/an<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Episodi\/anno<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Ereignisse\/Jahr<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">M\u00e1xima racha<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Longest sequence<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">S\u00e9quence maximale<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Sequenza massima<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">L\u00e4ngste Folge<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Uni\u00f3n Europea<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">European Union<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Union europ\u00e9enne<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Unione europea<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Europ\u00e4ische Union<\/span><\/td><td>3,7<\/td><td>0,6<\/td><td>50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Espa\u00f1a<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Spain<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Espagne<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Spagna<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Spanien<\/span><\/td><td>11,0<\/td><td>1,8<\/td><td>43<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Andaluc\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Andalusia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Andalousie<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Andalusia<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Andalusien<\/span><\/td><td>26,4<\/td><td>3,3<\/td><td>49<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">D\u00edas\/a\u00f1o de episodios persistentes \u226535\u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Days\/year in persistent episodes \u226535\u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Jours\/an d'\u00e9pisodes persistants \u226535\u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Giorni\/anno di episodi persistenti \u226535\u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Tage\/Jahr mit anhaltenden Ereignissen \u226535\u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Gr\u00e1fico original de d\u00edas de episodios persistentes\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"384\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc03-05-grafico-dias-olas-calor.webp\" width=\"1063\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">N\u00famero de episodios\/a\u00f1o<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Number of episodes\/year<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Nombre d'\u00e9pisodes\/an<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Numero di episodi\/anno<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Anzahl der Ereignisse\/Jahr<\/span><\/p>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Gr\u00e1fico original de n\u00famero de episodios por a\u00f1o\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"384\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc03-06-grafico-numero-episodios.webp\" width=\"1063\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">M\u00e1xima racha observada (D\u00edas)<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Longest observed sequence (days)<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Plus longue s\u00e9quence observ\u00e9e (jours)<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Sequenza massima osservata (giorni)<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">L\u00e4ngste beobachtete Folge (Tage)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Gr\u00e1fico original de m\u00e1xima racha observada\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"384\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc03-07-grafico-racha-maxima.webp\" width=\"1063\"\/><\/figure><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"une-section\">\r\n<div class=\"une-source-list\"><div class=\"une-text-columns\"><div class=\"une-column\"><h2 class=\"kt-heading-2\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Fuentes y trazabilidad<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Sources and traceability<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Sources et tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Fonti e tracciabilit\u00e0<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Quellen und Nachvollziehbarkeit<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">AEMET. Olas de calor en Espa\u00f1a desde 1975. Metodolog\u00eda y series oficiales. <\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">AEMET. Heatwaves in Spain since 1975. Official methodology and data series.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">AEMET. Vagues de chaleur en Espagne depuis 1975. M\u00e9thodologie et s\u00e9ries officielles.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">AEMET. Ondate di calore in Spagna dal 1975. Metodologia e serie ufficiali.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">AEMET. Hitzewellen in Spanien seit 1975. Offizielle Methodik und Zeitreihen.<\/span> <a class=\"kt-editorial-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aemet.es\/es\/conocermas\/recursos_en_linea\/publicaciones_y_estudios\/estudios\/detalles\/olascalor\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.aemet.es\/es\/conocermas\/recursos_en_linea\/publicaciones_y_estudios\/estudios\/detalles\/olascalor<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">AEMET. Informe sobre el estado del clima de Espa\u00f1a 2023: evoluci\u00f3n de duraci\u00f3n, extensi\u00f3n e intensidad de las olas de calor. <\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">AEMET. Report on the State of the Climate in Spain 2023: changes in heatwave duration, extent and intensity.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">AEMET. Rapport sur l'\u00e9tat du climat de l'Espagne 2023 : \u00e9volution de la dur\u00e9e, de l'\u00e9tendue et de l'intensit\u00e9 des vagues de chaleur.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">AEMET. Rapporto sullo stato del clima della Spagna 2023: evoluzione di durata, estensione e intensit\u00e0 delle ondate di calore.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">AEMET. Bericht zum Zustand des Klimas in Spanien 2023: Entwicklung von Dauer, Ausdehnung und Intensit\u00e4t der Hitzewellen.<\/span> <a class=\"kt-editorial-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aemet.es\/es\/noticias\/2024\/05\/iac_2023_AEMET\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.aemet.es\/es\/noticias\/2024\/05\/iac_2023_AEMET<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">NASA POWER. Daily API: par\u00e1metros meteorol\u00f3gicos diarios y documentaci\u00f3n de servicio. <\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">NASA POWER. Daily API: daily meteorological parameters and service documentation.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">NASA POWER. API quotidienne : param\u00e8tres m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques journaliers et documentation du service.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">NASA POWER. API giornaliera: parametri meteorologici giornalieri e documentazione del servizio.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">NASA POWER. Daily API: t\u00e4gliche meteorologische Parameter und Dienstdokumentation.<\/span> <a class=\"kt-editorial-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power.larc.nasa.gov\/docs\/services\/api\/temporal\/daily\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/power.larc.nasa.gov\/docs\/services\/api\/temporal\/daily\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">NASA POWER. Metodolog\u00eda de procesamiento y procedencia de datos. <\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">NASA POWER. Data-processing methodology and data provenance.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">NASA POWER. M\u00e9thodologie de traitement et provenance des donn\u00e9es.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">NASA POWER. Metodologia di elaborazione e provenienza dei dati.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">NASA POWER. Methodik der Datenverarbeitung und Datenherkunft.<\/span> <a class=\"kt-editorial-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power.larc.nasa.gov\/docs\/methodology\/data\/processing\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/power.larc.nasa.gov\/docs\/methodology\/data\/processing\/<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"une-column\"><p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">EEA. Europe\u2019s changing climate hazards: se\u00f1ales regionales y mayor exposici\u00f3n mediterr\u00e1nea. <\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">EEA. Europe\u2019s changing climate hazards: regional signals and greater Mediterranean exposure.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">EEA. Europe\u2019s changing climate hazards : signaux r\u00e9gionaux et exposition m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne accrue.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">EEA. Europe\u2019s changing climate hazards: segnali regionali e maggiore esposizione mediterranea.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">EEA. Europe\u2019s changing climate hazards: regionale Signale und st\u00e4rkere Belastung des Mittelmeerraums.<\/span> <a class=\"kt-editorial-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/en\/analysis\/publications\/europes-changing-climate-hazards-an-index-based-interactive-eea-report\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/en\/analysis\/publications\/europes-changing-climate-hazards-an-index-based-interactive-eea-report<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">EEA \/ Climate-ADAPT. Heat and health: extremos t\u00e9rmicos, vulnerabilidad y adaptaci\u00f3n en Europa. <\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">EEA \/ Climate-ADAPT. Heat and health: thermal extremes, vulnerability and adaptation in Europe.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">EEA \/ Climate-ADAPT. Heat and health : extr\u00eames thermiques, vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et adaptation en Europe.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">EEA \/ Climate-ADAPT. Heat and health: estremi termici, vulnerabilit\u00e0 e adattamento in Europa.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">EEA \/ Climate-ADAPT. Heat and health: Temperaturextreme, Verwundbarkeit und Anpassung in Europa.<\/span> <a class=\"kt-editorial-link\" href=\"https:\/\/climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu\/en\/observatory\/topics\/health-impacts\/heat-and-health\/heat-and-health\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu\/en\/observatory\/topics\/health-impacts\/heat-and-health\/heat-and-health<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Comisi\u00f3n Europea, DG ENER. Assessment of the Energy Performance and Sustainability of Data Centres in the EU, 2025. <\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">European Commission, DG ENER. Assessment of the Energy Performance and Sustainability of Data Centres in the EU, 2025.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Commission europ\u00e9enne, DG ENER. Assessment of the Energy Performance and Sustainability of Data Centres in the EU, 2025.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Commissione europea, DG ENER. Assessment of the Energy Performance and Sustainability of Data Centres in the EU, 2025.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Europ\u00e4ische Kommission, DG ENER. Assessment of the Energy Performance and Sustainability of Data Centres in the EU, 2025.<\/span> <a class=\"kt-editorial-link\" href=\"https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/o\/opportal-service\/download-handler?format=PDF&amp;identifier=83be4c3e-5c79-11f0-a9d0-01aa75ed71a1&amp;language=en&amp;productionSystem=cellar\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/o\/opportal-service\/download-handler?format=PDF&amp;identifier=83be4c3e-5c79-11f0-a9d0-01aa75ed71a1&amp;language=en&amp;productionSystem=cellar<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"kt-prose\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Eurostat GISCO. Geometr\u00edas NUTS 2024 para cartograf\u00eda administrativa. <\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Eurostat GISCO. NUTS 2024 geometries for administrative mapping.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Eurostat GISCO. G\u00e9om\u00e9tries NUTS 2024 pour la cartographie administrative.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Eurostat GISCO. Geometrie NUTS 2024 per la cartografia amministrativa.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Eurostat GISCO. NUTS-2024-Geometrien f\u00fcr die Verwaltungskartografie.<\/span> <a class=\"kt-editorial-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/gisco\/geodata\/statistical-units\/territorial-units-statistics\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/gisco\/geodata\/statistical-units\/territorial-units-statistics<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<figure class=\"une-figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Infograf\u00eda original de comparaci\u00f3n de episodios persistentes\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"803\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/dc03-08-comparativa-europa-espana-andalucia.webp\" width=\"1672\"\/><\/figure><\/section>\r\n<div class=\"une-motto\"><p><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Evita ambientes poco ventilados y a quien no te mantenga informado.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">Avoid poorly ventilated environments and those who do not keep you informed.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">\u00c9vitez les environnements mal a\u00e9r\u00e9s et ceux qui ne vous tiennent pas inform\u00e9.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Evita gli ambienti poco ventilati e chi non ti tiene informato.<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Meide schlecht bel\u00fcftete Umgebungen und Menschen, die dich nicht auf dem Laufenden halten.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<footer class=\"pree-author-card pree-author-card--bottom\" itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\">\r\n<div class=\"pree-author-identity\">\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Arboledas Herranz\" class=\"keyter-author-compact__photo\" data-une-img=\"autor\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"58\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keyter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1791098996839.jpg\" width=\"58\"\/>\r\n<div class=\"keyter-author-compact__content\">\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__name\">Jos\u00e9 Jes\u00fas Arboledas Herranz<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__meta\"><span>Instituto Ent\u00e1lpico Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__bio\"><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"es\">Miembro ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"en\">ASHRAE Spain Chapter member<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"fr\">Membre de l'ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"it\">Membro di ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><span class=\"une-t\" lang=\"de\">Mitglied des ASHRAE Spain Chapter<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"keyter-author-compact__links\"><a href=\"mailto:iee@institutoentalpico.com\"><span>iee@institutoentalpico.com<\/span><\/a>\r\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\"> \u00b7 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.linkedin.com\/posts\/jos%C3%A9-jes%C3%BAs-arboledas-herranz-8a8a6bb1_episodios-de-olas-de-calor-activity-7509877087206400001-cjUr\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">LinkedIn<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\"> \u00b7 <\/span><a 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