TECHNICAL ARTICLES
Timeline of Order INT/1068/2026 and the RSIF | Refrigeration safety · Facility self-protection
Order INT/1068/2026 results from the evolution of Spanish civil protection and self-protection legislation. Its direct predecessor is Royal Decree 393/2007, while its immediate legal basis is Royal Decree 524/2023…
UNE-EN 50600-1:2026: the new technical reference for data centre design
UNE-EN 50600-1:2026 is the Spanish standard that ratifies the European standard EN 50600-1:2026, entitled “Information technology. Data centre facilities and infrastructures. Part 1: General concepts”…
PREE Sanitario: €168 million for energy refurbishment, pending regional calls
The programme has already completed its national phase. The 168 million euros have been distributed among the autonomous communities, which will publish their own calls for applications and manage requests…
Order INT/1068/2026 and RSIF: Refrigeration safety Facility self-protection
Order INT/1068/2026, of 7 October, publishes the Council of Ministers agreement approving the Basic Civil Protection Planning Guideline on self-protection for centres, facilities and premises engaged in activities…
Thermal Control as a Key Factor in Improving the Efficiency of Biogas and Biomethane Plants
In just a few years, biomethane has moved from being a promising alternative to becoming an industrial reality in Spain. Initiatives such as REPowerEU and the targets set out in the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) are driving its development…
FGas: Looking Ahead to 2027
There is one point worth putting on the table from the outset: F-Gas does not literally amend the RITE or the RSIF, but it increasingly constrains them. And in practice, this is almost more important than a formal amendment…
Seasonal performance values – SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) in cooling mode and SCOP (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance) in heating mode – provide a more realistic indication of equipment performance because they account for different operating and part-load conditions, as well as the operating hours associated with each reference climate condition, rather than considering only a single …
Heat Pump Statistics
Current regulations, as part of their efforts to promote renewable energy, require the different renewable energy sources to be classified according to their origin in order to assess their relevance. Regulation (EU) 2024/573 of 7 February 2024 on fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) defines a heat pump as “a piece of …
Comfort in Hospital HVAC Installations: Much More Than Temperature
Environmental comfort in hospital buildings is one of the most complex and demanding aspects of HVAC engineering. Unlike other tertiary-sector buildings, where comfort is usually assessed mainly by measuring variables such as temperature, relative humidity, and occupants’ perception, hospitals must simultaneously address requirements related to wellbeing, clinical safety, infection control, and the energy and operational efficiency of the facility…
Aerothermal Energy and Heat Pumps: the Efficient Solution for Replacing Fossil-Fuel Boilers
Aerothermal energy is a technology that is transforming the way we condition buildings and produce domestic hot water. It is efficient, sustainable, and increasingly used in hotels, hospitals, educational facilities, sports centres, nursing homes, student residences, industrial facilities, and residential communities…
Heat recovery in heat pumps for domestic hot water (DHW) production
In light of the planned phase-out of fossil-fuel boilers set out in the new European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD 2024), KEYTER is strengthening its commitment to heat pumps as a cornerstone of sustainable HVAC…
Understanding Seasonal Efficiency in Heat Pumps: SEER and SCOP
In the evaluation of heat pump performance, it is crucial to move beyond instantaneous measurements to understand how a unit operates over an entire season. While metrics like the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)…
EER and COP: The difference every HVAC professional should know
In the drive toward industrial decarbonization and efficient HVAC, heat pumps stand out as a key technology. However, to unlock their full potential, it’s essential to understand how their performance is measured accurately.…
2025 Regulatory and Normative Changes in the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Sector
Eco-Design Regulation, F-Gas, RSIF, EPBD, RITE… The HVAC&R sector is at a pivotal moment, marked by updates to several key regulatory texts that will shape its future. This article analyzes the anticipated changes to these regulations over the course of this year…
New Catalog of Standardized Sheets for the Caes System and the KEYTER Product Proposal
On July 18, the Official State Gazette published, through a ministerial resolution, the update of Annex I of Order TED/845/2023, of July 18, which…
Estimation Of Maximum Allowable Load For Refrigeration Systems
Although the F-Gas regulation may seem highly technical and complex, at KEYTER, we strive to simplify it for our clients. We offer a 360º service where our specialized technical teams analyze each project individually…
Regulation of Ventilation in Industrial Environments CNI – IAQ Cluster
Air quality in industrial environments is a crucial issue both for workers’ health and for the efficiency of production processes. Although the regulation of ventilation in industrial…
Energy Efficiency in Data Processing Centers (DPCs): Current Challenges and KEYTER’s Solutions for a Sustainable Future
Over the last three decades, the surge in demand for technological resources in the communication and information sector has been so significant that it has necessitated the rapid expansion…
INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) REVIEW: UNE 171.330
On May 22, the UNE 171.330 standard was published, focusing on the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Review, describing a methodology for carrying out an indoor environmental quality control plan. Unlike its predecessors…
Sizing Heat Pumps And Domestic Hot Water (DHW)
UNE EN 12831-3
Our CEO, Antonio Blanco, a true visionary, often says there are eleven dimensions: nine spatial and two temporal, t1 and t2. The concept of nine spatial dimensions aligns closely…
From NZEB to ZEB
On May 8, 2024, Directive 2024/1275 on the Energy Efficiency of Buildings was published. The objective of this Directive is to promote the improvement of energy efficiency in buildings within the European Union and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions…
New Perspectives on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability: Integrating the Updates from the New F-Gas Regulation (REGULATION (EU) 2024/573)
The entry into force of the new Regulation (EU) 2024/573 (F-Gas) marks a pivotal milestone in the HVAC and Refrigeration sectors. Rather than viewing this regulation as a barrier, it is crucial to understand…
KEYTER brings its expertise in refrigeration to the Data Processing Center sector at DCD Connect Madrid
Cooling and air conditioning solutions play a critical role in ensuring the stability, performance, and longevity of critical systems in Data Processing Centers (DPC). Maintaining controlled temperature and humidity levels is crucial for achieving this. Inadequate cooling can lead to overheating, which in turn can cause failures, service interruptions, and damage to components…
Technical Sessions on Indirect Systems
The Technical Sessions on Indirect Systems in air conditioning and refrigeration applications are aimed at users, engineers, designers, installers, maintainers, and other HVAC&R professionals…
AIR CONDITIONING MANUALS
GET IN TOUCH WITH US
How can we help you?
Are you looking for custom HVAC+R solutions or do you have any questions?
Feel free to contact us.